![]() Insulin sensitivity- The responsiveness of various physiological processes to the hormone insulin. Heart rate reserve (HRR)- Karvonen formula a method of measuring maximum heart rate that takes into account resting heart rate. ![]() Heart rate maximum (HRmax)- Maximum cardiac activity in beats per minute (bpm) estimated by subtracting one's age from 220. ![]() Heart rate (HR)- Pulse the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), determined with an HR monitor or by counting the pulse on the wrist or neck. Glycogen- Animal starch the form in which glucose is stored in the liver and muscle. Elliptical trainer- Cross-trainer a stationary exercise machine that simulates walking, running, or stair-climbing. Dynamic stretching- Stretches that involve smooth, gentle movements. Cytokines- A class of proteins, including interleukins, that are released by cells to mediate intercellular communication and regulate immune responses. Cross-training- Cross-conditioning training that is complementary to one's primary sport. Circuit training- A workout structured around a series of brief exercises or activities that target different muscle groups. Cardiorespiratory- Cardiovascular aerobic the delivery of oxygen by the heart, lungs, and blood to large working muscle groups and the utilization of oxygen by those muscles. Anaerobic- Activity that exceeds available oxygen, resulting in a metabolic oxygen debt. KEY TERMS Aerobic- Activity that increases the body's requirement for oxygen, thereby increasing respiration and heart rate.
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